I-Carbon Steel vs Stainless Steel: Ukuhlaziywa Okuqhathanisayo
Uma kuziwa ekukhetheni izinto zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene, izinsimbi ezimbili ezivame ukubhekwa njengensimbi ye-carbon nensimbi engagqwali. Zombili zinezici ezihlukile ezizenza zifanelekele izinjongo ezihlukene, kodwa futhi zinomehluko ohlukile ongathinta ukusebenza kwazo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwe-carbon steel nensimbi engagqwali, ikakhulukazi mayelana nokubukeka, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nokugqoka, intengo, kanye ne-ductility.
Ukubukeka
Insimbi yekhabhoni ine-matte noma isiphetho esifiphele, engahluka ukusuka kokumpunga okusiliva kuye kokumpunga okumnyama kuye ngokuqukethwe kwe-alloy ethile nokuphathwa kwendawo. Ithambekele ekubeni ne-oxidation lapho ivezwa kumswakama, okuholela ekwakhekeni kokugqwala, okungathinta ukukhanga kwayo kobuhle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Insimbi engagqwali, ngakolunye uhlangothi, inendawo ecwebezelayo, ecwebezelayo ekwazi ukumelana nokungcoliswa nokungcoliswa. Lokhu kuyenza ifiseleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni lapho kudingeka khona ukubukeka okuhlanzekile, okupholishiwe, okufana ne-kitchenware, izinto zezakhiwo, nezinto zokuhlobisa.
Ukumelana Nokugqwala
Enye yezingqinamba eziyinhloko ze-carbon steel ukuthi ikwazi ukugqwala. Lapho kuvezwa umswakama nomoya, i-carbon steel ingashesha i-oxidize, yenze ukugqwala. Lokhu akuthinti nje kuphela ukubukeka kwempahla kodwa futhi kunganciphisa ubuqotho bayo besakhiwo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Insimbi engagqwali idume ngokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-chromium ekubunjweni kwayo kwengxubevange. I-chromium yakha ungqimba lwe-oxide oluvikelayo ebusweni bensimbi, oluvimbela ukuqhubeka kwe-oxidation nokugqwala. Lokhu kwenza insimbi engagqwali ibe ilungele ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni lapho ukuchayeka kumswakama, amakhemikhali, noma ezinye izinto ezilimazayo kuvame.
Gqoka Ukumelana
I-Carbon steel ngokuvamile inikezela ukumelana nokugqokwa okungcono uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi engagqwali, ikakhulukazi emabangeni aphezulu. Lokhu kukwenza kube ukukhetha okuncanyelwayo kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukuqina namandla, njengamathuluzi, izingxenye zemishini, nezingxenye zesakhiwo.
Nakuba insimbi engagqwali ikwazi ukumelana nokugqwala, ngokuvamile inokumelana nokugqokwa okuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi ye-carbon. Kodwa-ke, amamaki athile ensimbi engagqwali, njenge-martensitic kanye nezinsimbi ezingenasici eziqinisa imvula, angaphathwa ngokushisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubulukhuni bazo kanye nokumelana nokuguga, kuzenze zifanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile.
Inani
Insimbi ye-carbon ngokuvamile ithengeka kakhulu kunensimbi engagqwali. Izindleko zayo eziphansi ziyenza ibe yintandokazi ezicelweni eziningi zezimboni nezokwakha lapho kucatshangelwa ukuthi kunezingqinamba zesabelomali.
Insimbi engagqwali ngokuvamile ibiza kakhulu ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwe-alloy kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza eziyinkimbinkimbi ezihilelekile. Kodwa-ke, ukumelana nokugqwala okuphakeme kwayo nokuhlala isikhathi eside kungase kuthethelele izindleko zokuqala eziphakeme, ikakhulukazi ezinsizeni lapho izindleko zokulungisa nokushintsha zibalulekile.
I-Ductility
Insimbi engagqwali idonsa kakhulu kune-carbon steel, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi insimbi engagqwali inokuqukethwe kwe-nickel ephezulu, futhi lezi zakhi zibuye zibe ama-ductile amaningi, ngakho insimbi engagqwali nayo izoba i-ductile kakhulu. I-Carbon steel iqukethe i-nickel encane, enganakwa ngokuqondile, kodwa ine-ductility empofu.
Insimbi ye-carbon nensimbi engagqwali inokwakheka okufanayo okuyisisekelo kwensimbi nekhabhoni. Umehluko wabo omkhulu yi-alloy content - i-carbon steel ine-alloy content engaphansi kuka-10.5%, kuyilapho insimbi engagqwali kufanele ibe ne-chromium engu-10.5% noma ngaphezulu. Lo mehluko obalulekile yisizathu esenza ukuthi i-carbon steel nensimbi engagqwali ibe nezimpawu ezibonakalayo eziyingqayizivele.
Izakhi eziyisisekelo zensimbi ziyinsimbi nekhabhoni. Ngokuvamile, insimbi enokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ephezulu iqinile futhi iyaphuka, kuyilapho insimbi enekhabhoni ephansi idonsa futhi iqinile. Yiqiniso, akuvamile ukuthi kube lula kangako. Izakhi ze-alloying ezifana ne-chromium, i-molybdenum, i-nickel, i-manganese, noma i-silicon ingase yengezwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokugqwala noma ukuzuza ibhalansi engcono phakathi kwamandla nokuqina.
Insimbi ye-carbon
I-Carbon steel iqukethe i-iron kanye ne-0.12 - 2.00% carbon. Incazelo ebanzi ihlanganisa izinsimbi ze-alloy, ezingaba nokuqukethwe kwe-alloy kuze kufike ku-10.5%. Ngisho nangaphakathi kwebanga lamaphuzu ekhabhoni angaphansi kwamaphesenti amabili, kunomehluko omkhulu ezicini zomzimba, ikakhulukazi ubulukhuni.
Uma abantu bekhuluma ngensimbi ye-carbon, ngokuvamile babhekisela ezinsimbi ezinekhabhoni ephezulu ezisetshenziselwa imimese namathuluzi. Izinsimbi eziphezulu ze-carbon ziqinile kakhulu, okwenza zibe zinhle kakhulu zokumelana nokugqoka nokugcina isimo sazo. Bangakwazi ukumelana namandla amakhulu ngaphambi kokukhubazeka. Ngeshwa, izinsimbi eziqinile nazo ziyaphuka: uma zibekwe ngaphansi kwengcindezi eqinile, izinsimbi ezinekhabhoni ephezulu kungenzeka ziqhekeke kunokugoba.
Izinsimbi ezithambile zivame kakhulu kunezinsimbi ezinekhabhoni ephezulu ngenxa yokuthi (1) zibiza kancane ukuzikhiqiza, (2) zidonsa kakhulu, futhi (3) kulula ukuzikhiqiza. Izinsimbi ezithambile zivame ukuwohloka kunokuba ziphuke ngaphansi kwengcindezi, futhi le ductility izenza kube lula ukuwenza ngomshini nokushisela. Avame ukusetshenziswa kumaphaneli omzimba wezimoto, amabhawodi, ama-clamp, namapuleti ensimbi.
Insimbi engagqwali
Insimbi engagqwali iqukethe insimbi, ikhabhoni, kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-chromium okungenani okungu-10.5%. I-Chromium iwukhiye—ithintana nomoya-mpilo ukuze yakhe isendlalelo esingenzi lutho esivikela insimbi ekugqwaleni. Lesi sivikelo sinciphisa amathuba okuthi insimbi engagqwali izogqwala—okubalulekile efenisha yangaphandle ezofakwa ezindaweni ezimanzi. Ukuphakama kokuqukethwe kwe-chromium, kuba ngcono ukumelana nokugqwala. Lapho uthenga izinto zikagesi nezinye izinto ezinkulu, hlala unake ibanga lensimbi engagqwali. Akuzona zonke izinsimbi ezidalwe zilingana. Insimbi engagqwali enobuncane be-chromium engu-10.5% ishibhile futhi ayihlali isikhathi eside kunensimbi engagqwali ene-chromium engu-16%, futhi umehluko uzobonakala ezindlekweni zokunakekela kanye nempilo yokuphila.
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