Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi insimbi engagqwali ayiwona kazibuthe, futhi ngokuvamile basebenzisa omazibuthe ukukhomba ukuthi umkhiqizo uyinsimbi engagqwali yini. Le ndlela yokwahlulela empeleni ayihambisani nesayensi.
Insimbi engagqwali ingahlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili ngokusho kwesakhiwo ekamelweni lokushisa: i-austenite ne-martensite noma i-ferrite. Uhlobo lwe-austenitic alunazibuthe noma lukazibuthe olubuthakathaka, futhi uhlobo lwe-martensite noma lwe-ferritic lukazibuthe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, zonke izinsimbi ezingenasici ze-austenitic zingaba zingezona kazibuthe ngokuphelele esimweni se-vacuum, ngakho-ke ubuqiniso bensimbi engagqwali abukwazi ukuhlulelwa ngozibuthe kuphela.
Isizathu sokuthi kungani insimbi ye-austenitic inguzibuthe: insimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic ngokwayo inokwakheka kwekristalu eyi-cubic egxile ebusweni, futhi ingaphezulu lesakhiwo liyi-paramagnetic, ngakho-ke isakhiwo se-austenitic ngokwaso asiyona kazibuthe. I-Cold deformation yisimo sangaphandle esiguqula ingxenye ye-austenite ibe yi-martensite ne-ferrite. Ngokuvamile, inani le-deformation ye-martensite liyakhuphuka ngokunyuka kwenani lokuguquguquka elibandayo kanye nokwehla kwezinga lokushisa lokuguquguquka. Okusho ukuthi, ukuguquguquka kokusebenza okubandayo kukhudlwana, ukuguqulwa kwe-martensitic kanye namandla kazibuthe. Izinsimbi ezingenasici ze-austenitic ezakhiwe ngokushisayo cishe zingezona uzibuthe.
Izinyathelo zenqubo zokunciphisa ukungena kwamanzi:
(1) Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kulawulwa ukuze kutholwe isakhiwo esizinzile se-austenite futhi kulungiswe amandla kazibuthe.
(2) Khulisa ukulandelana kokwelashwa kokulungiselela okubalulekile. Uma kudingekile, i-martensite, i-δ-ferrite, i-carbide, njll. ku-matrix ye-austenite ingaphinda incibilike ngokwelashwa kwesisombululo esiqinile ukuze kwenziwe isakhiwo sifane kakhudlwana futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amandla kazibuthe ahlangabezana nezidingo. Futhi ushiye imajini ethile ukuze icutshungulwe ngokulandelayo.
(3) Lungisa inqubo nomzila, engeza ukulandelana kokwelashwa kwesixazululo ngemva kokubumba, bese wengeza ukulandelana kokukhetha emzileni wenqubo. Ngemva kokukhetha, yenza ukuhlolwa kokuqina kazibuthe ukuze uhlangabezane nemfuneko ye-μ (5) Khetha amathuluzi okucubungula afanelekile nezinto zamathuluzi, bese ukhetha amathuluzi e-ceramic noma e-carbide ukuze uvimbele ukungena kukazibuthe kwesiqephu sokusebenza ukuthi sithintwe izici kazibuthe zethuluzi. Enqubweni yokwenza imishini, inani elincane lokusika lisetshenziswa ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuncishiswe ukuvela kokuguqulwa kwe-martensitic okubangelwa ukucindezeleka ngokweqile.
(6) Ukususwa kwezingxenye zokuqedela.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-26-2022