Kusho ukuthini u-4.8 no-8.8 kuma-Bolts?
Izimpawu ezikumabhawudi, ezifana no-4.8 no-8.8, zikhomba amamaki okusebenza amabhawodi asetshenziswa ekuxhumekeni kwesakhiwo sensimbi. Lawa mabanga ahlukaniswe ngamaleveli angaphezu kweshumi okuhlanganisa no-3.6, 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 6.8, 8.8, 9.8, 10.9, no-12.9. Phakathi kwalokhu, amabhawodi abekwe ebangeni elingu-8.8 nangaphezulu enziwe ngensimbi ye-low-carbon alloy noma i-medium-carbon steel eye yaphathwa ngokushisa (ukucisha nokushisa), okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi amabhawodi anamandla aphezulu. Abanye ngokuvamile baziwa ngokuthi amabhawudi avamile.
Ukumakwa kwebanga lokusebenza kuqukethe amasethi amabili ezinombolo ezimelela inani lamandla aqinile okuzisholo kanye nesilinganiso sokuvunwa ukuya ku-tensile kokokusebenza kwebhawodi. Ngokwesibonelo:
- Ibhawodi enebanga lokusebenza elingu-4.8 isho:
- Amandla okuzisholo okuqinile we-bolt material afinyelela ku-400 MPa;
- Isilinganiso se-Ield-to-tensile se-bolt material ngu-0.8;
- Ngakho-ke, amandla okuvunwa okuzisholo okwenziwa kwebhawodi angama-400 × 0.8 = 320 MPa.
- Ibhawodi enamandla amakhulu enebanga lokusebenza elingu-10.9, ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa, ingafinyelela:
- Amandla okuzisholo okuqinile we-bolt material afinyelela ku-1000 MPa;
- Isilinganiso se-Ield-to-tensile se-bolt material ngu-0.9;
- Ngakho-ke, amandla okuvunwa okuzisholo okwenziwa kwebhawodi yi-1000 × 0.9 = 900 MPa.
Izinga lokusebenza lamabhawudi liyindinganiso elaziwayo emhlabeni wonke, eliqinisekisa ukuthi amabhawothi ebanga elifanayo anokusebenza okufanayo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi akuphi okubalulekile noma umsuka wawo, okuvumela ukukhethwa komklamo ngokusekelwe kuphela ebangeni lokusebenza.
Mayelana nebanga lamandla, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amabanga abizwa nge-8.8 ne-10.9 awabhekiseli emazingeni e-shear stress engu-8.8 GPa no-10.9 GPa, kodwa kunalokho:
- Ebangeni elingu-8.8, amandla e-tensile okuzisholo angu-800 N/mm², futhi amandla okukhiqiza ajwayelekile angu-640 N/mm².
Amandla ebholidi ngokuvamile aboniswa ngokuthi "XY", lapho i-X100 ilingana namandla aqinile ebhawodi, futhi i-X100*(Y/10) ilingana namandla okukhiqiza ebhawodi (njengokuvumelana kokumaka: amandla okukhiqiza/amandla okubamba = Y/10).
Isibonelo, ngebhawodi yebanga lesi-4.8:
- Amandla okuqina angaba ngu-400 MPa;
- Amandla esivuno angaba ngu-400 * 8/10 = 320 MPa.
Ukwengeza, amabhawodi ensimbi engagqwali avame ukuphawulwa njenge-A4-70 noma i-A2-70, anezincazelo ezihlukile eziqondiswe kumazinga alawula izibophelelo zensimbi engagqwali.
Siyabonga ngokufunda, uma udinga ukubona okuningi kwalokho esikunikezayo ungalandela izixhumanisi ezingezansi!