Noma yiziphi izinto ezingaphansi kwesenzo samandla angaphandle akhulayo noma angashintshi azogcina eqe umkhawulo othile futhi abhujiswe. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamandla angaphandle abangela ukulimala kwezinto, njengokushuba, ukucindezela, ukugunda, nokukhwehlela. Amandla amabili, amandla okuqina namandla okukhiqiza, angamandla aqinile kuphela.
Lawa mandla amabili atholakala ngokuhlolwa okuqinile. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zinwetshwa ngokuqhubekayo ngenani elishiwo lokulayisha kuze kube yilapho liphuka, futhi amandla amakhulu eliwathwalayo lapho kuphulwa umthwalo omkhulu wezinto ezibonakalayo. Umthwalo wokugcina wokuqina uwukubonakaliswa kwamandla, futhi iyunithi ithi Newton (N). Ngenxa yokuthi i-Newton iyiyunithi encane, ezimweni eziningi, ama-kilonewton (KN) asetshenziswa, futhi umthwalo wokugcina we-tensile uhlukaniswa ngesampula. Ukucindezeleka okuwumphumela ovela endaweni yokuqala ye-cross-sectional kubizwa ngokuthi amandla okuqina.
Imele amandla aphezulu wento yokumelana nokwehluleka ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Ngakho ayini amandla okukhiqiza? Amandla esivuno angokwezinto ezinwebekayo kuphela, izinto ezinelastic azinawo amandla okukhiqiza. Isibonelo, zonke izinhlobo zezinto zensimbi, amapulasitiki, irabha, njll., zonke zinokunwebeka namandla esivuno. Ingilazi, izitsha zobumba, amatshe, njll. ngokuvamile aziguquki, futhi noma izinto ezinjalo zinwebeka, zincane. Izinto ezinwebekayo zingaphansi kwamandla angaphandle angaguquki futhi akhula ngokuqhubekayo kuze kube yilapho ephuka.
Yini ngempela eshintshile? Okokuqala, i-material iba ne-elastic deformation ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla angaphandle, okungukuthi, impahla izobuyela kusayizi wayo wangempela kanye nokuma ngemva kokususwa kwamandla angaphandle. Lapho amandla angaphandle eqhubeka nokwanda futhi efinyelela inani elithile, izinto ezibonakalayo zizongena esikhathini sokuguqulwa kwepulasitiki. Lapho impahla ingena ekuguqulweni kwepulasitiki, usayizi wokuqala kanye nokuma kwento angeke kutholakale lapho kususwa amandla angaphandle! Amandla ephuzu elibalulekile elibangela lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zokuguquguquka amandla okukhiqiza ezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngokuhambisana namandla e-tensile asetshenzisiwe, inani lamandla e-tensile laleli phuzu elibucayi libizwa ngokuthi iphoyinti lokuvunwa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-23-2022